{"id":3400,"date":"2026-05-15T01:21:26","date_gmt":"2026-05-15T01:21:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lco-cdo.org\/?page_id=3400"},"modified":"2026-05-15T17:23:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-15T17:23:39","slug":"intimate-images-and-deepfakes-resources-list","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lco-cdo.org\/en\/intimate-images-and-deepfakes-resources-list\/","title":{"rendered":"Intimate Images and Deepfakes Resources List"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Below is a collection of key sources that inform the LCO in creating a civil legal framework to address the creation, alteration and distribution of intimate images without consent, as part of the Intimate Images and Deepfakes project<\/a>. This list is non-exhaustive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Provincial legislation to address non-consensual distribution of intimate images<\/summary>\n

Alberta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Protecting Victims of Non-consensual Distribution of Intimate Images Act<\/em>, RSA 2017, c P-26.9, https:\/\/canlii.ca\/t\/52xm1<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manitoba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Non-Consensual Distribution of Intimate Images Act<\/em>,<\/a> C.C.S.M., c N93.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill 2: The Non-Consensual Distribution of Intimate Images Amendment Act<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

See also: Protect the Children<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nova Scotia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Intimate Images and Cyber-protection Act<\/em>, SNS 2017, c 7, s 3(f), https:\/\/canlii.ca\/t\/95sr#sec3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

See also: the province of Nova Scotia Cyberscan Support for Victims<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Newfoundland and Labrador<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Intimate Images Protection Act,<\/em><\/a> RSNL 2018, c I-22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saskatchewan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The Privacy Act,<\/em><\/a> RSS 1978, c P-24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

New Brunswick<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Intimate Images Unlawful Distribution Act,<\/em><\/a> SNB 2022, c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prince Edward Island<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Intimate Images Protection Act,<\/em><\/a> SPEI 2020, c 55.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

British Columbia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Intimate Images Protection Act,<\/em><\/a> SBC 2023, c 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See also: the BC Civil Resolution Tribunal, Intimate Images Claims<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See also: the province of BC Intimate Images Protection Service<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quebec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

ACT TO COUNTER NON-CONSENSUAL SHARING OF INTIMATE IMAGES,<\/em><\/a> CQLR c P-9.0002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See also: the Province of Quebec fast track process for intimate image claims<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Federal legislation to address non-consensual distribution of intimate images<\/summary>\n

Federal Criminal Code<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Criminal Code,<\/em><\/a> RSC 1985, c C-46, s 162.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Criminal Code<\/em> establishes that sharing an intimate image without consent is a crime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill C-16<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bill C-16, An Act to amend certain Acts in relation to criminal and correctional matters (child protection, gender-based violence, delays and other measures),<\/em><\/a> 1st Sess, 45th Parl, 2025, cl 15(2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bill C-16 is a draft law to update the Criminal Code<\/em> to address the distribution of intimate image deepfakes, and the threat to distribute.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

International legislation<\/summary>\n

Australia Online Safety Act<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Online Safety Act 2021 (Cth), No 76 of 2021, s 15 (Austl).<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

New South Wales Crimes Act<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Crimes Act 1900 (NSW),<\/a> No 40, s 91N (Austl).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

USA Take It Down Act (2025)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act,<\/a> Pub L No 119-12, \u00a7 2, 139 Stat 55 at 56 (2025) [TAKE IT DOWN Act]; Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, Pub L No 117-103, div W, tit XIII, \u00a7 1309, 136 Stat 929 (2022); 15 USC \u00a7 6851(a)(5) (2024); 18 USC \u00a7 2256(2), (5) (2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

UK Online Safety Act 2023 and Data (Use and Access) Act 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Online Safety Act 2023 (UK),<\/a> c 50.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Papers and Reports <\/summary>\n

Uniform Law Conference of Canada, <\/strong>Uniform Non-consensual Disclosure of Intimate Images Act: Report of the Working Group and Draft Uniform Act<\/em><\/a>, November 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hilary A.N. Young and Emily Laidlaw,Creating a Revenge Porn Torn for Canada<\/a><\/em>,  (2020) 96 (2d) Supreme Court L Rev 147.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suzie Dunn, Legal Definitions of Intimate Images in the Age of Sexual Deepfakes and Generative AI<\/a><\/em>, (2024) 69:4 McGill LJ 395.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nicola Henry and Rebecca Umbach, Sextortion: Prevalence and correlates in 10 countries<\/em><\/a>, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 158, September 2024, 108298.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Below is a collection of key sources that inform the LCO in creating a civil legal framework to address the creation, alteration and distribution of intimate images without consent, as part of the Intimate Images and Deepfakes project. This list is non-exhaustive.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"slim_seo":{"title":"Intimate Images and Deepfakes Resources List - Law Commission of Ontario","description":"Below is a collection of key sources that inform the LCO in creating a civil legal framework to address the creation, alteration and distribution of intimate im"},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3400","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lco-cdo.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lco-cdo.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lco-cdo.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lco-cdo.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lco-cdo.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3400"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/lco-cdo.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3400\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3510,"href":"https:\/\/lco-cdo.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3400\/revisions\/3510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lco-cdo.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}